2022年12月新闻热点(Recent hotspots December 2022)
作者:Publius
目录:
1. 欧洲经济状况好于预期,但增长速度仍受到限制。
2. 法国央行预测,经济增长将在2023年明显放缓,不过仍然存在积极因素。
3.挪威今年第三季度的国民生产总值超过了邻国瑞典。
4.欧洲多国推出“数字游牧民族”签证,吸引高新技术产业工作者前来定居
5.风电巨头西门子歌美飒将被私有化退市
6. 据《环球科学》报道,2023年可能有如下科学重大事件
近期热点 2022.12.26
1. 欧洲经济状况好于预期,但增长速度仍受到限制。
路透社报道,调查显示,欧元区12月商业活动以四个月来最慢速度萎缩,表明未来可能出现的衰退将比此前预期的要温和;而物价则以大约一年来最低的速度上涨。标普全球公布,欧元区12月综合PMI初值升至四个月高点48.8,预估中值为48.0。但综合PMI连续第六个月低于景气荣枯分水岭,为自2013 年6月以来持续时间最长的一次。
一项调查显示,本月除制造商外,整个英国企业的低迷状况略有缓解,企业报告的成本压力为2021年期中以来最弱。英国标普全球综合PMI初值从11月的48.2意外上升至49.0,但仍低于50的荣枯分水岭。路透调查预估为48.0。
1. European economic conditions are better than expected, but the pace of growth remains constrained.
Reuters reported that the survey showed that business activity in the euro zone contracted at the slowest pace in four months in December, indicating that a possible future recession would be milder than previously expected; while prices rose at the lowest rate in about a year. S&P Global announced that the eurozone’s preliminary composite PMI rose to a four-month high of 48.8 in December, compared with a median estimate of 48.0. But the composite PMI fell below the boom-bust watershed for the sixth consecutive month, the longest duration since June 2013.
A survey showed that the downturn eased slightly this month for businesses across the U.K., except for manufacturers, which reported the weakest cost pressures since mid-2021. The preliminary reading of the U.K. S&P Global Composite PMI rose unexpectedly to 49.0 from 48.2 in November, but remained below the 50 glory watershed. The Reuters poll estimate was 48.0.
2. 法国央行预测,经济增长将在2023年明显放缓,不过仍然存在积极因素。
路透社报道,法国央行预测,面对能源价格冲击,法国经济增长明年将大幅放缓,但从2024年开始应该会收复一些失地,并略微调降经济展望。法国央行最新长期经济展望显示,法国将从今年增长2.6%放缓至2023年成长0.3%,先前预测2023年将增长0.5%。
不过,近日来,欧盟及法国经济指标出现积极变化。
2. The Bank of France predicts that economic growth will slow significantly in 2023, although there are still positive factors.
Reuters reports that the Bank of France predicts that French economic growth will slow sharply next year in the face of energy price shocks, but should regain some lost ground from 2024 and slightly lower its economic outlook. The Bank of France’s latest long-term economic outlook shows that France will slow down from 2.6% growth this year to 0.3% growth in 2023, previously forecast to grow 0.5% in 2023.
However, in recent days, there have been positive changes in the EU and French economic indicators.
3.挪威今年第三季度的国民生产总值超过了邻国瑞典。
由于两国之间悠久而复杂的历史,挪威一直视瑞典为“老大哥”并且对它有着复杂的情感。如今,“小弟”挪威第一次国民生产总值超过了“老大哥”瑞典。
在今年第三季度,挪威的国民生产总值是14450亿挪威克朗(约合10180亿人民币),而瑞典同时期的国民生产总值是14370亿瑞典克朗(约合9650亿人民币)。考虑到这个季度挪威克朗对瑞典克朗的平均汇率是97,瑞典的国民生产总值相当于13940亿挪威克朗,也就是说比挪威低了3.5%。
3. Norway’s gross national product surpassed that of neighboring Sweden in the third quarter of this year.
Due to the long and complicated history between the two countries, Norway has always seen Sweden as its “big brother” and has mixed feelings towards it. Now, for the first time, the “little brother” Norway has surpassed the “big brother” Sweden in terms of gross national product.
In the third quarter of this year, Norway’s GNP was NOK 1,445 billion (about RMB 1018 billion), while Sweden’s GNP for the same period was SEK 1,437 billion (about RMB 965 billion). Considering that the average exchange rate of the Norwegian krona to the Swedish krona for this quarter was 97, Sweden’s GNP was equivalent to NOK 1394 billion, or 3.5% lower than Norway’s.
4.欧洲多国推出“数字游牧民族”签证,吸引高新技术产业工作者前来定居
日前,由意大利参议院批准的《Sostegni ter》法令中,除了对企业和经济经营者的经济援助措施外,还批准了一种新型居留的发放:远程办公居留。主要针对来自欧盟以外国家的执行高度专业和数字化任务的工人。
️这一新类别的工人无需本地工作许可即可进入意大利。他们被称为数字游牧民(Nomadi digitali),意大利政府强调,数字游牧民族都有义务遵守所有财政和社会保障性质的规定。也就是说,拿到意大利居留就得依法纳税。
4. Recently, the decree “Sostegni ter”, approved by the Italian Senate, approved the granting of a new type of residence, in addition to economic assistance measures for businesses and economic operators: telecommuting residence. It is mainly intended for workers from countries outside the European Union who perform highly specialized and digital tasks.
️ Workers in this new category do not need a local work permit to enter Italy. They are called nomadi digitali (digital nomads) and the Italian government emphasizes that digital nomads are obliged to comply with all regulations of a fiscal and social security nature. In other words, getting an Italian residence means that you have to pay taxes according to the law.
除了意大利外,目前已经有15个欧洲国家推出类似的“数字游民签证”,各国有自己的申请条件。
As the law has yet to be passed there are still some details to be hammered out but it is expected that the visa – essentially a residency permit – will be initially valid for one year, renewable for up to five years depending on the applicant’s circumstances. Close relatives, such as a spouse or children, will be eligible to join the applicant.
比如西班牙,尽管西班牙尚未通过相关法规,部分细则也有待敲定,但预计这种签证(本质上是居住许可证)最初有效期为一年,随后可以依据申请者情况续签至最多五年,配偶和子女等近亲也可以一同申请。
Applicants must be from outside the European Economic Area and be able to demonstrate that they have been working remotely for at least a year. They must have a contract of employment or, if freelance, show that they have been regularly employed by a company outside Spain.
申请者必须来自欧洲经济区以外国家,并能证明自己已远程办公至少一年。他们必须持有雇佣合同,如果是自由职业者,则必须证明自己常受雇于某个西班牙以外的企业或机构。
In Croatia, for example, applicants must be earning at least €2,300 a month, in Estonia €3,500, in Iceland €7,100 and in Portugal only €700. It’s thought that Spain will set a minimum monthly income of about €2,000.
此外,克罗地亚要求申请者月收入不低于2300欧元,爱沙尼亚要求不低于3500欧元,冰岛要求达到7100欧元,葡萄牙的最低门槛则只有700欧元。据估计,西班牙将把申请者最低月收入门槛设定在2000欧元左右。
Greece introduced a digital nomad law in October 2021, offering residency of one to three years. Applicants must have a monthly income of €3,500.
希腊于2021年10月出台了数字游民法,向数字游民提供一至三年的居住权。申请者月收入必须达到3500欧元。
Some countries demand that you have cash in the bank – €5,500 in the case of the Czech Republic – as well as income. Some may also insist on private health insurance.
有些国家除了收入限制外,还要求你在银行里有存款,比如捷克共和国要求银行存款达到5500欧元。另外一些国家还要求申请者拥有私人医疗保险。
Madrid, Valencia and Barcelona are already popular among the EU’s digital nomads, with the latter proving a favoured destination for startups as the city aspires to become a technology hub and less dependent on tourism.
西班牙的马德里、巴伦西亚和巴塞罗那原本就是欧盟的数字游民热门聚居地,事实证明,巴塞罗那还是很受初创企业欢迎的目的地,该市立志要成为技术中心,减少对旅游业的依赖。
Excellent 4G cover almost everywhere in Spain is tempting some nomads to set themselves up in rural areas where rents are very low. Internet speed is among the fastest in Europe and, at 148Mbps, almost double the UK speed of 75Mbps.
西班牙几乎覆盖各个角落的优质4G网络吸引着一些数字游民在租金很低的乡村地区落脚。西班牙的网速是欧洲最快的,达到148兆比特每秒,是英国网速(75兆比特每秒)的近两倍。
数字游牧民族主要指那些能够远程谋生、选择经常出差、经常居住在海外的公司工作的人。
例如,网络程序员、数字营销专家、作家和博主或翻译,平面设计师。
Digital nomads are primarily those who are able to earn a living remotely and choose to travel frequently and work for companies that often reside overseas.
Examples include web programmers, digital marketing specialists, writers and bloggers or translators, graphic designers.
5.风电巨头西门子歌美飒将被私有化退市
西门子能源获得西门子歌美飒近93%的股份
据路透社报道,西门子能源公司希望通过完全收购来解决其亏损的风力发电子公司西门子歌美飒的问题。西门子歌美飒是风电产业巨头,但是近年来一直处于亏损状态中。通过收购,西门子能源希望可以扭转其亏损的风力发电子公司西门子歌美飒的局面。
西门子歌美飒面临的压力有两个原因。一方面是市场问题:目前没有一家大的风力发电供应商在赚钱。尽管鉴于应对气候变化和减少对传统能源(如俄罗斯天然气)的依赖的愿望,发电企业对风电设备的需求量很大。但是,西门子歌美飒、维斯塔斯Vestas、Nordex和GE Renewables等竞争对手之间存在着强烈的价格战。同时,供应商正在遭受材料价格大幅度上涨的影响,例如钢铁产业。
5. Wind power giant Siemens Gamesa to be privatized and delisted
Siemens Energy acquires nearly 93% of Siemens Gamesa’s shares
According to Reuters, Siemens Energy wants to solve the problem of its loss-making wind power subsidiary Siemens Gomezza through a full acquisition. Siemens Gamesa is a giant in the wind power industry, but has been in a loss-making position in recent years. Through the acquisition, Siemens Energy hopes to turn around its loss-making wind power subsidiary Siemens Gamexa.
There are two reasons for the pressure on Siemens Gamesa. On the one hand, there is the market problem: no major wind power supplier is currently making money. This is despite the high demand for wind power equipment from power producers, given the desire to combat climate change and reduce dependence on traditional energy sources such as Russian gas. However, there is a strong price war between competitors such as Siemens Gamexa, Vestas Vestas, Nordex and GE Renewables. At the same time, suppliers are suffering from significant increases in material prices, for example in the steel industry.
6. 据《环球科学》报道,2023年可能有如下科学重大事件
当地时间12月19日,《自然》杂志公布了他们评选出的2023年值得关注的科学事件。首先是下一代疫苗:随着mRNA疫苗在新冠疫情期间成功部署,一系列预防其他疾病的mRNA疫苗也在陆续开发中,如针对疟疾、结核病和生殖器疱疹的mRNA疫苗。其次,韦布空间望远镜在今年发回了首张彩色照片,天文学家也借助其发布的数据发表了一些关于早期宇宙的研究发现;未来一年天文学家将继续分享该望远镜的观测结果,以及由此得到的关于星系演化的新发现。明年1月初,美国监管机构将宣布一种叫做lecanemab的药物是否可用于治疗阿尔茨海默病,此前一项大型临床试验显示,这种药物可以大幅减缓患者认知功能下降的速度。
此外,世界卫生组织将发布修订后的重点病原体清单;在登月任务上,明年还将出现首次平民登月之旅;首个CRISPR基因编辑疗法可能于明年获批,以治疗β-地中海贫血和镰状细胞病这两种遗传性血液疾病;明年也将敲定气候协议中要求富裕国家承担由气候变化造成的“损失与损害”的细节;超越标准模型或现曙光;而且世界首座核废料储存设施将在芬兰奥尔基洛托岛开始运营。
6. According to Global Science, the following major scientific events are possible in 2023
On December 19, local time, the journal Nature published their selection of scientific events to watch in 2023. First, the next generation of vaccines: With the successful deployment of mRNA vaccines during the New Crown epidemic, a series of mRNA vaccines against other diseases are in development, such as those against malaria, tuberculosis and genital herpes. Second, the Webb Space Telescope sent back its first color photographs this year, and astronomers have used its published data to publish some findings about the early universe; astronomers will continue to share the telescope’s observations and the resulting new discoveries about the evolution of galaxies in the coming year. In early January next year, U.S. regulators will announce whether a drug called lecanemab could be used to treat Alzheimer’s disease, after a large clinical trial showed that the drug dramatically slowed the rate of cognitive decline in patients.
In addition, the World Health Organization will release a revised list of priority pathogens; the first civilian trip to the moon will occur next year on a mission to the moon; the first CRISPR gene editing therapy may be approved next year to treat beta-thalassemia and sickle cell disease, two genetic blood disorders; and a climate agreement requiring rich countries to bear the burden of climate change-induced Details of a climate deal that would require rich countries to bear the “loss and damage” caused by climate change will be finalized next year; there may be a glimpse of going beyond the standard model; and the world’s first nuclear waste storage facility will begin operations on Finland’s Olkiluoto Island.