2022年7月新闻热点(Recent hotspots July 2022)
作者:Publius (这一笔名曾为美国国父汉弥尔顿在撰写 “联邦党人文集” 时使用)
目录
1、美国参众两院通过芯片法案
2、美国民主党参议员曼钦支持一项关于【健康、能源和税收】的法案
3、意大利正在组建其下一届政府,俄国可能与极右翼联合以干预选举
4、乌克兰在南部赫尔松州等地区展开反击
5、土耳其、俄罗斯、乌克兰和联合国签署粮食出口协议
6、中国大陆近期新冠疫情多点散发
7、中国大陆经济较低点复苏 仍呈现疲软态势
1、美国参众两院通过芯片法案
美国国会众议院于美东时间周四(2022.7.28)通过了2800亿美元的《芯片与科学法案》,该法案旨在补贴美国国内的半导体制造业并投资于科学与技术创新,以增强美国的竞争力和自给能力(self-reliance)。半导体制造业被视为当代经济和国家安全的支柱产业,同时也是科研创新的前沿。
众议院以243票对187票通过了该法案,在前一天,参议院以64票对33票通过了该法案。大部分共和党人在参众两院投了反对票,理由是民主党人在同一时期试图通过的另一项重大立法(见下一条新闻简报)旨在大规模增税和增加政府开支,因此需要阻击本项立法以阻止民主党的进一步行动。部分进步派议员也对该法案持反对态度,如独立参议员伯尼桑德斯(Sen.Bernie Sanders)投票反对该法案,他们担忧本项法案可能会增长大公司的力量,并损害工人和少数族裔的权利。拜登总统和行政分支、民主党建制派和一部分共和党人强烈支持本法案。
芯片法案将投资大约520亿美元于芯片制造商,旨在激励美国国内半导体制造厂(简称“晶圆厂”)的建设,该法案还将在五年内投资1000亿美元以扩大美国国家科学基金会的工作并建立区域技术中心。法案还禁止获得联邦资金支持的公司在中国或“任何受到关注的外国”建造绝大多数的新型半导体生产设施。
*参考自华盛顿邮报相关报道
1. the U.S. House and Senate passed the chip bill.
The U.S. House of Representatives passed the $280 billion Chip and Science Act on Thursday (2022.7.28) EST, which aims to subsidize the U.S. domestic semiconductor manufacturing industry and invest in science and technology innovation to enhance U.S. competitiveness and self-sufficiency (self-reliance). Semiconductor manufacturing is considered a pillar of the contemporary economy and national security, as well as a frontier for scientific innovation.
The House passed the bill by a vote of 243 to 187, after the Senate passed it by a vote of 64 to 33 the day before. Most Republicans voted against the bill in the House and Senate, citing another major piece of legislation that Democrats were trying to pass during the same period (see next news brief) aimed at massive tax increases and increased government spending, and thus the need to block this legislation to prevent further Democratic action. Some progressive lawmakers also opposed the bill, such as independent Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.), who voted against the bill, concerned that the bill could grow the power of large corporations and harm the rights of workers and minorities. President Biden and the executive branch, the Democratic Party establishment, and a portion of the Republican Party strongly supported this bill.
The Chip Act would invest approximately $52 billion in chipmakers and is designed to incentivize the construction of domestic semiconductor manufacturing plants (“fabs”) in the U.S. The bill would also invest $100 billion over five years to expand the work of the National Science Foundation and establish regional technology centers. The bill also prohibits companies receiving federal funding from building the vast majority of new semiconductor production facilities in China or “any foreign country of concern.
*Reference from the Washington Post
2、美国民主党参议员曼钦支持一项关于【健康、能源和税收】的法案,这一法案被认为是【重建更美好法案】的一个缩小版。
美国民主党参议员乔.曼钦(Joe Manchin)向参议院多数党领袖查克.舒默(Chuck Schumer)表示将支持一项关于【健康、能源和税收】的法案,这一法案旨在解决美国高昂的医疗保健成本和通货膨胀问题,并投资于国家能源安全。该法案被认为是【重建更美好法案】的一个缩小版,此前,曼钦一直表示因通胀因素而反对通过相关法案。
民主党人表示这是一个“意外的惊喜”,预计该法案将以50-50的投票比,由副总统贺锦丽投下赞成票的方式在美国参议院通过。需要指出的是,这次投票预计将会使用一次规避“阻挠议事”(filibuster)的机会,所以法案无需得到60票的赞成,只要50-50即可通过。
*参考自politico、cbsnews等媒体报道
2. Democratic Senator Manchin supports a bill on [health, energy, and taxes], which is considered a scaled-down version of the [Rebuild for Better Act].
U.S. Senator Joe Manchin, a Democrat, supports a bill on health care, energy, and taxation. Sen. Joe Manchin (D-W.Va.) told Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) that he would support the bill on health, energy, and taxes that would address the high cost of health care and inflation in the United States and invest in national energy security. The bill is considered a scaled-down version of Build Back Better Act, which Manchin has previously said he opposes because of inflationary factors.
Democrats said it was a “surprise” and the bill is expected to pass the U.S. Senate with a 50-50 vote, with Vice President kamala Harris voting in favor. It should be noted that the vote is expected to use an opportunity to circumvent the filibuster, so the bill does not need to receive 60 votes in favor of the bill, just 50-50 to pass.
*Reference from politico, CBS news, and other media reports
3、意大利正在组建其下一届政府,俄国可能与极右翼联合以干预选举;
在马里奥.德拉吉(Mario Draghi)的联合政府垮台后,观察人士预计右翼党派有望取得议会支持并组建新一届政府。但有消息指出,右翼党派领导人马里奥.萨尔维尼(Matteo Salvini)和意大利前总理贝卢斯科尼(Berlusconi)近期频繁与俄罗斯驻意大利大使馆官员会面,这一消息引发了中间派和左派政党的抨击,认为右翼在上台后可能对俄罗斯妥协。
有评论认为,如果意大利新政府采取对俄绥靖态度,不仅会严重削弱盟国对俄罗斯的统一立场,而且会导致意大利恶化与美国、欧盟、英国、德国、法国等国的外交关系,甚至可能分裂盟国阵营。
*参考自politico等媒体报道
3. Italy is forming its next government and Russia may join forces with the far right in order to interfere in the elections.
After the collapse of Mario Draghi’s coalition government, observers expect right-wing parties to gain parliamentary support and form a new government. But sources say that the right-wing party leader Mario Salvini (Matteo Salvioli) and former Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi (Berlusconi) recently met frequently with officials from the Russian Embassy in Italy, which sparked criticism from centrist and leftist parties that the right-wing might compromise with Russia after coming to power.
Some commentators believe that if the new Italian government adopts an appeasing attitude toward Russia, it will not only seriously weaken the unified position of the allies toward Russia, but also lead to the deterioration of Italy’s diplomatic relations with the United States, the European Union, Britain, Germany and France, and may even split the allied camp.
*Reference from politico and other media reports
4、乌克兰在南部赫尔松州等地区展开反击
综合自ISW(战争研究所)等机构的情报分析,乌克兰军队在南部赫尔松州等地区展开了反击,目前尚不清楚双方在战线两侧有多少兵力,但可以确定的是,乌克兰军队使用苏制和盟国援助的武器,尤其是榴弹炮和火箭炮,对赫尔松州的交通要道进行了远程打击。目前,赫尔松城南侧的第聂伯河大桥已经无法通车,赫尔松城东侧的茵古茨瓦河上的7座公路只有一座尚能通车,俄军另外架设了一座浮桥。俄军现在更多通过汽车轮渡向第聂伯河北岸,特别是赫尔松城周围阵地供给后勤物资,这些汽车轮渡也处在乌军炮火威胁之下。可以预计,北岸俄军后勤将处于紧张状态中。
在其他各条战线上,俄军、乌军双方基本没有爆发大规模地面战斗,仍然主要通过使用榴弹炮、火箭炮和发动空袭等方式打击对方。乌军在得到军援后,对俄军部分弹药库进行了精准打击。乌军游击队在俄占区继续进行对俄军后勤线路的破坏活动。
*综合自ISW(战争研究所)等机构的情报分析,图源微博博主petriv
4. Ukrainian counterattack in the southern Kherson region and other areas
Integrated from intelligence analysis by ISW (Institute for the Study of War) ,Ukrainian begin its counterattack in the southern Kherson region and other areas. It is not clear how many troops are on both sides of the battle line, but it is certain that Ukrainian troops are using Soviet and allied weapons, especially howitzers and rocket launchers, to conduct long-range strikes on the main transportation routes in Kherson Oblast. Currently, the Dnepr River bridge on the south side of Kherson is no longer open to traffic, and only one of the seven roads over the Inguttsva River on the east side of Kherson is still open to traffic, with an additional pontoon bridge erected by Russian forces. Russian troops are now supplying more logistical supplies to the north bank of the Dnieper, especially to positions around Kherson by car ferries, which are also under the threat of U.S. artillery fire. It can be expected that Russian logistics on the north bank will be under pressure.
On all other fronts, the Russian and U.S. forces have basically not broken out into large-scale ground battles, still mainly through the use of howitzers, rockets, and air strikes against each other. After receiving military assistance, the UPDF conducted precision strikes against some of the Russian ammunition depots. Ukrainian guerrillas continued their campaign of sabotage against Russian logistical routes in Russian-occupied areas.
*Integrated from intelligence analysis by ISW (Institute for the Study of War) and other agencies, source Weibo blogger Petriv
5、土耳其、俄罗斯、乌克兰和联合国签署粮食出口协议
7月22日,土耳其、俄罗斯、乌克兰和联合国代表在土耳其最大的城市伊斯坦布尔就从黑海港口外运农产品问题举行签署协议仪式。
协议内容包括:在伊斯坦布尔建立联合协调中心并确保粮食运输安全,俄乌双方同意任何一方都不攻击运送农产品的船只,伊斯坦布尔联合协调中心将由各方指派代表对进出港口的船只进行联合管理,包括敖德萨港在内的3个乌克兰港口将开始向外运出粮食和化肥等。
乌克兰和俄罗斯均为世界上重要的农产品和化肥出口国,其中乌克兰出口的小麦为西亚地区和非洲地区所急需。该协议将有助于降低全球粮食价格并保证粮食安全。
5. Turkey, Russia, Ukraine, and UN sign food export agreement
On July 22, representatives of Turkey, Russia, Ukraine, and the United Nations held an agreement signing ceremony in Istanbul, Turkey’s largest city, on the export of agricultural products from Black Sea ports.
The agreement includes the establishment of a joint coordination center in Istanbul and ensuring the safety of food shipments, the agreement between Russia and Ukraine that neither side will attack ships carrying agricultural products, and that the Istanbul joint coordination center will have representatives appointed by each side to jointly manage ships entering and leaving the port, and that three Ukrainian ports, including the port of Odesa, will begin shipping grain and fertilizer out of the country.
Both Ukraine and Russia are important exporters of agricultural products and fertilizers in the world, with Ukraine exporting wheat that is urgently needed in the West Asia region and Africa. The agreement will help reduce global food prices and ensure food security.
6、中国大陆近期新冠疫情多点散发
从6月中下旬以来,除了少数几天外,中国大陆新增病例数均在100例以上。近一周来则一直在400例以上。目前,中国大陆31个省、市、自治区共有高风险区649个,中风险区443个。出现病例局部散发的城市有天津市、浙江台州市、河南开封、商丘、信阳、周口、郑州等市,湖北武汉市、广东惠州、佛山市,广西崇左市,四川德阳市,江西南昌市和重庆市。出现较多的城区感染病例的城市有上海市、安徽蚌埠、宿州、亳州市、山东菏泽市、广东省深圳特区。出现累计1000例以上的感染病例的城市和地区的有广西北海市,甘肃兰州、白银、临夏、甘南自治州等地。
另外,四川省成都市虽然感染病例较少,但划定了较多的中高风险区,疫情流行风险很高,值得特别注意。
*注:本文所指新增病例数包括所谓“无症状感染者”,数据和信息来源于国务院客户端发布
6. Multipoint distribution of the recent new cases outbreak in mainland China
Since the middle and end of June, except for a few days, the number of new COVID-19 cases in mainland China has been above 100. In the past week, the number of cases has been above 400. Currently, there are 649 high-risk areas and 443 medium-risk areas in 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in mainland China. The cities where cases are partially disseminated are Tianjin, Taizhou, Zhejiang, Kaifeng, Shangqiu, Xinyang, Zhoukou, and Zhengzhou in Henan, Wuhan in Hubei, Huizhou and Foshan in Guangdong, Chongzuo in Guangxi, Deyang in Sichuan, Nanchang in Jiangxi and Chongqing. Cities with more cases of infection in urban areas include Shanghai, Bengbu, Suizhou, Bozhou in Anhui, Heze in Shandong, and Shenzhen SAR in Guangdong. Cities and regions with more than 1,000 cumulative cases of infection include Guangxi Beihai City, Gansu Lanzhou, Baiyin, Linxia, and Gannan Autonomous Prefecture.
In addition, although there are fewer infected cases in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, more medium and high-risk areas have been delineated, and the risk of an epidemic is high and deserves special attention.
*Note: The number of new cases in this article includes the so-called “asymptomatic infected”, data and information from the State Council client release
7、中国大陆经济较低点复苏 仍呈现疲软态势
中国国家统计局近期公布经济数据,2022年上半年国内生产总值约56万亿元,按不变价格计算,同比增长2.5%。分产业看,第一产业增加值约29000亿元,同比增长5.0%;第二产业增加值约23万亿元,增长3.2%;第三产业增加值约30万亿元,增长1.8%。
其中,二季度国内生产总值约29万亿元,同比增长0.4%。分产业看,二季度第一产业增加值约18000亿元,同比增长4.4%;第二产业增加值约12万亿元,增长0.9%;第三产业增加值约15万亿元,下降0.4%。
分析指出,按照国家统计局的数据,二季度国内生产总值实现了正增长,但是增长幅度明显偏低。此外,有较多的微观经济数据,如社会零售消费品总额、制造业采购经理指数(PMI)、非制造业商务活动指数、公路、港口、铁路、民航客运货运量数据,特别是部分上市公司近期发布的公司经营业绩和资本市场的波动情况,与宏观经济数据不相匹配。
虽然中国各大城市在进行频繁的全员核酸检测,但是社会预期、信心仍然疲软,各项隔离和管控措施仍然广泛存在,这被认为是出现上述情况的背景因素。
7. Mainland China’s economy recovered from a lower point, still showing weakness
China’s National Bureau of Statistics recently released economic data showing that gross domestic product (GDP)in the first half of 2022 was approximately 56 trillion yuan, up 2.5% year-on-year at constant prices. By sector, the value added of the primary sector was about 2.9 trillion yuan, up 5.0% year-on-year; the value added of the secondary sector was about 23 trillion yuan, up 3.2%; and the value added of the tertiary sector was about 30 trillion yuan, up 1.8%.
Among them, the gross domestic product in the second quarter was about 29 trillion yuan, an increase of 0.4% year-on-year. By sector, the value added of the primary sector in the second quarter was about 18 trillion yuan, up 4.4%; the value added of the secondary sector was about 12 trillion yuan, up 0.9%; and the value added of the tertiary sector was about 15 trillion yuan, down 0.4%.
The analysis pointed out that according to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, GDP achieved positive growth in the second quarter, but the growth rate was significantly lower. In addition, there are more microeconomic data, such as total retail consumer goods, manufacturing purchasing managers’ index (PMI), non-manufacturing business activity index, passenger and cargo traffic data of highways, ports, railroads, and civil aviation, especially the recently released corporate operating results and capital market fluctuations of some listed companies, which do not match with macroeconomic data.
Although frequent full nucleic acid tests are being conducted in major cities in China, social expectations and confidence remain weak, and various segregation and control measures remain widespread, which are considered to be the background factors for the above situation.
祝贺JRMZ 环顾首播!重要新闻报道,简练严谨,出处标注,十分专业。感谢辛勤耕耘,看好你!
同意@ pingw的评价!👍
最后结束时能不能麻烦加上结语啊,我以为断网了还在等待~😂
挺好的!