2022年8月新闻热点(Recent hotspots August 2022)
作者:Publius (这一笔名曾为美国国父汉弥尔顿在撰写 “联邦党人文集” 时使用)
目录:
1.曾支持弹劾特朗普的众议员利兹•切尼在共和党内初选败选
2.美疾控中心新指南放松防疫措施 不再建议隔离和社交距离
3.华盛顿邮报万字长文,回溯乌克兰战争起源
1.曾支持弹劾特朗普的众议员利兹•切尼在共和党内初选败选。
据CNN8月17日报道,美国前副总统切尼的女儿、众议员利兹•切尼,在国会中期选举的怀俄明州共和党党内初选不敌获前总统特朗普支持的候选人,无缘连任。
据报道,利兹•切尼是众议院调查“国会山骚乱事件”特别委员会的副主席,也是投票支持弹劾特朗普的10名共和党人之一,对特朗普颇为不满。
利兹•切尼在落败后发表讲话时说,未来不会减少对特朗普的批评,也会尽一切努力确保特朗普不能够重返白宫。
随后,特朗普祝贺自己支持的候选人哈格曼胜选,同时表示,利兹•切尼“应该为自己的言行感到羞耻”。
不过,切尼在败选后的演讲中表示,她将继续与特朗普对抗。切尼还表示,她“正在考虑”竞选美国总统。
据美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)8月17日报道,切尼表示,“初选结束了,但真正的工作开始了。”切尼称:“美国首位共和党籍总统、第十六任总统林肯在赢得最终的胜利(即大选)之前,曾在参议院和众议院选举中被击败,但他最终在大选中取得了胜利。”此外,切尼还在美国国家广播公司(NBC)的节目“今日秀”中称,她正在考虑参选美国总统,并将“在未来几个月内”做出决定,目的是为了确保不再让特朗普重返白宫。
切尼谈到了日前特朗普的海湖庄园遭搜查一事,谴责特朗普试图在其支持者中煽动愤怒,并称特朗普公布一些参与搜查行动的联邦调查局(FBI)特工的名字会危及到这些人的安全。切尼称:“这是有目的和恶意的,任何爱国的美国人都不应为这些威胁开脱,也不应被这些威胁吓到。”
1.Congresswoman Liz Cheney, who had supported the impeachment of Trump, lost in the Republican Party primary.
According to CNN on August 17, the daughter of former U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney, Congresswoman Liz Cheney, was defeated in the Wyoming Republican Party primary in the congressional midterm elections by a candidate supported by former President Donald Trump and did not stand for re-election.
According to the report, Liz Cheney is the vice chairman of the House of Representatives special committee to investigate the “Capitol Hill riots”, is also one of the 10 Republicans who voted to impeach Trump, quite dissatisfied with Trump.
Liz Cheney said in a speech after her defeat that she would not reduce her criticism of Trump in the future and would make every effort to ensure that Trump would not be able to return to the White House.
Later, Trump congratulated his own candidate Hagman for winning the election, while saying that Liz Cheney “should be ashamed of her words and actions”.
However, Cheney said in his speech after the defeat that she will continue to confront Trump. Cheney also said she was “considering” running for president of the United States.
According to CNN on August 17, Cheney said, “The primary is over, but the real work begins.” According to Cheney, “Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican president of the United States and the 16th president, was defeated in the Senate and House races before he won the ultimate victory (i.e., the general election), but he finally prevailed in the general election.” In addition, Cheney also said on NBC’s “Today Show” that she is considering running for president of the United States and will make a decision “in the next few months” in order to ensure that Trump is not returned to the White House.
Cheney spoke about the recent raid on Trump’s Sea Lake estate, denouncing Trump’s attempts to incite anger among his supporters and saying that Trump’s release of the names of some of the FBI agents involved in the raid would jeopardize the safety of those people. According to Cheney, “This was purposeful and malicious, and no patriotic American should be excused from these threats or intimidated by them.”
2.美疾控中心新指南放松防疫措施 不再建议隔离和社交距离
据美国中文网报道,美国疾病预防与控制中心(CDC)周四(11日)发布的新指南指出,建议取消隔离和保持社交距离等新冠肺炎疫情限制性措施,转而专注于减少新冠肺炎重症。
在这份新指南中,该机构不再建议与其他人保持至少6英尺的距离以减少传染风险,这与疫情早期实行的指南有所不同。
这一转变表明CDC认为,几乎所有美国人都通过接种过疫苗,或既往感染,或在某些情况下两者兼有的方式而获得了新冠病毒的免疫力。
CDC流行病学和预防处处长马塞蒂(Greta Massetti)在周四(11日)的新闻发布会上说:“目前疫情的情况与过去两年已经大不相同。”
他说,“由于接种疫苗和既往感染而产生的人群免疫力,以及许多可用于预防普通人群感染和保护高风险人群的方法,使我们能够专注于保护人们免受新冠肺炎重症的影响。”
CDC的新指南说,追踪密切接触者是疫情期间的另一个标志,应仅限于医院和某些高危人群居住的场所,如疗养院。新指南不强调进行定期检测筛查新冠病毒感染,除非在某些高危场所中,比如疗养院和监狱。
新指南也不建议对接触过新冠病毒但未被感染的人进行隔离。
但新指南也保留了一些新冠肺炎预防措施,继续鼓励对有症状的人及其密切接触者进行检测。还指出,检测结果呈阳性的人应至少待在家里5天,并在之后戴10天口罩。CDC还继续建议一些高传染率地区的人在室内戴口罩。
新指南还为新冠肺炎重症患者提供了隔离建议。有中度症状的人如呼吸短促以及住院者,应该至少在家待10天。免疫系统受损的人应该联系医生,询问感染后结束隔离的问题。
如果新冠肺炎有了反弹,症状恶化,应该重新开始隔离,并去看医生。
在学校的防范新冠肺炎疫情指南
CDC取消了在不同教室里的孩子避免混在一起的建议。该机构还取消了与新冠病毒检测呈阳性的学生有联系的孩子应该定期进行检测的建议。
一些教育工作者说,他们预计CDC更新的指南不会有太大变化,至少在本学年是这样。
学校学监协会(The School Superintendents Association)宣传和治理副执行主任说,“我们欢迎CDC提供清晰、简洁、可操作的指导。我们并不认为新的指南会对学校产生特别的干扰或影响。”
最新的新冠肺炎预防措施
CDC建议,新冠病毒的预防措施应继续取决于个人患重病的风险和社区感染水平。社区感染水平反映了社区的病例以及住院率和医院容量。
当新冠肺炎发病率很高时——目前全美41%的郡是如此——CDC继续建议每个人在室内佩戴高质量的口罩。高危人群还应在社区传播级别处于中等水平时,佩戴高质量口罩,目前39%的郡处于该水平。
CDC还更加重视改善通风系统。很多科学家一直抱怨,6英尺的社交距离指导并没有太大帮助,因为新冠病毒可以在空中漂浮到更远的距离。
CDC继续强调使用疫苗和药物来减少新冠肺炎重症的发生。该机构指出,对于普通人群来说,接种疫苗和加强免疫对于预防严重疾病和死亡具有很强的保护作用。
除了接种疫苗外,该机构还敦促对免疫功能受限的人采取额外措施,包括使用Evusheld,这是一种在人生病前给予的被动免疫。对于那些无法产生免疫反应的人来说,该方法特别有帮助。
CDC还强调,在感染新冠病毒的人群中使用抗病毒药物,面临严重后果的风险更高。这一群体包括年龄较大或未接种疫苗的人,或有某些健康状况使他们处于较高风险的人。这类提高感染新冠病毒风险的情况包括超重和肥胖、怀孕、吸烟、糖尿病、癌症、心脏病和包括抑郁症在内的精神健康状况。
2.New CDC guidelines ease precautions No longer recommend isolation and social distance
New guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on Thursday (11) state that it recommends eliminating restrictive measures such as isolation and social distance from the Newcastle pneumonia outbreak and focusing instead on reducing severe cases of Newcastle pneumonia, according to a report on the U.S. Chinese website.
In this new guidance, the agency no longer recommends maintaining a distance of at least 6 feet from others to reduce the risk of transmission, a departure from the guidelines in place early in the outbreak.
The shift suggests that the CDC believes that nearly all Americans have acquired immunity to the new coronavirus through vaccination, or prior infection, or in some cases both.
Greta Massetti, director of the CDC’s Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, said at a news conference on Thursday (11), “The current outbreak is very different than it has been in the last two years.”
He said, “Population immunity due to vaccination and prior infections, as well as the many approaches available to prevent infection in the general population and protect those at risk, allow us to focus on protecting people from severe cases of neocrown pneumonia.”
The CDC’s new guidelines say that tracking close contacts is another marker during an outbreak and should be limited to hospitals and certain settings where high-risk populations reside, such as nursing homes. The new guidelines do not emphasize conducting regular testing to screen for New Coronavirus infection except in certain high-risk settings, such as nursing homes and prisons.
The new guidelines also do not recommend quarantine for people who have been exposed to neo-coronavirus but have not been infected.
However, the new guidelines also retain some New Coronavirus prophylaxis measures and continue to encourage testing of symptomatic individuals and their close contacts. It also states that people who test positive should stay home for at least five days and wear a mask for 10 days afterward. the CDC also continues to recommend that people in some high transmission rate areas wear masks indoors.
The new guidelines also provide isolation recommendations for people with severe cases of newly crowned pneumonia. People with moderate symptoms such as shortness of breath and those who are hospitalized should stay home for at least 10 days. People with compromised immune systems should contact their doctor to ask about ending isolation after infection.
If there is a rebound of New Coronary Pneumonia and symptoms worsen, isolation should be restarted and a visit to the doctor should be made.
Guidelines for preparing for a Newcastle pneumonia outbreak at school
The CDC has eliminated the recommendation that children in different classrooms avoid mixing together. The agency also eliminated the recommendation that children associated with students who test positive for New Coronavirus should be tested regularly.
Some educators say they don’t expect the CDC’s updated guidelines to change much, at least for this school year.
We welcome the clear, concise, actionable guidance from the CDC,” said the associate executive director of advocacy and governance at The School Superintendents Association. We do not believe the new guidance will be particularly disruptive or impactful to schools.”
The Latest New Coronary Pneumonia Precautions
The CDC recommends that prevention measures for New Coronavirus should continue to depend on an individual’s risk of becoming seriously ill and the level of infection in the community. Community infection levels reflect cases in the community as well as hospitalization rates and hospital capacity.
When the incidence of New Coronavirus pneumonia is high – as it currently is in 41% of counties across the United States – the CDC continues to recommend that everyone wear a high-quality mask indoors. High-risk populations should also wear high-quality masks when the community transmission level is moderate, which is currently at 39 percent of counties.
The CDC is also placing greater emphasis on improving ventilation systems. Many scientists have been complaining that the 6-foot social distance guideline is not very helpful because the new coronavirus can float in the air to greater distances.
The CDC continues to emphasize the use of vaccines and medications to reduce the incidence of severe New Coronavirus pneumonia. The agency notes that for the general population, vaccination and booster immunizations are highly protective against serious illness and death.
In addition to vaccination, the agency urges additional measures for people with limited immune function, including the use of Evusheld, a passive immunization given before a person becomes ill. It can be particularly helpful for those who are unable to mount an immune response.
The CDC also emphasized that people who use antivirals in people infected with the new coronavirus face a higher risk of serious outcomes. This group includes people who are older or unvaccinated, or who have certain health conditions that put them at higher risk. Such conditions that raise the risk of acquiring a new coronavirus include being overweight and obese, pregnancy, smoking, diabetes, cancer, heart disease and mental health conditions including depression.
3.华盛顿邮报万字长文,回溯乌克兰战争起源。
《Five takeaways from an examination of the road to war in Ukraine》
作者 SHANE HARRIS、KAREN DEYOUNG、ISABELLE KHURSHUDYAN
译者:微博博主 苍野76
立足于对数十位美国、乌克兰、欧洲和北约高级官员的深入广泛采访,《华盛顿邮报》对俄罗斯通向乌克兰战争之路的调查持续数月,包括盟国为挫败克里姆林宫计划的努力。以下为主要发现:
①美国情报机关通过技术侦查手段,及通过渗透到俄罗斯政治高层、特务谍报机构和军队的多个要点,发现俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔•普京准备全面入侵乌克兰。
2021 年10月,顶级顾问们在白宫椭圆形办公室向乔•拜登总统展示了俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔•普京准备全面入侵乌克兰的战争计划。美国情报机构利用卫星图像、截获通讯和人员情报表明,普京正在乌克兰边境集结军队,目的是,占领首都基辅和该国大部分地区,只在西面留一点乌克兰国家的残余。
美国发现普京大幅增拨军事行动经费,在新冠肺炎防控上却缺钱。“我们评估,他们计划同时从多个方向对乌克兰进行重大战略攻击,”参谋长联席会议主席马克•米利将军对拜登说,“他们版本的‘震慑与畏服从’。”
②每个关于武装乌克兰的决定,前提都是不给俄罗斯以攻击美国和北约的理由。
面对即将到来的入侵,拜登决心团结北约盟国,但不要会引发俄美之间的直接冲突。米利在他的公文包里放了一张便笺,写着美国的利益、战略目标,和高风险。“问:‘怎样不搞出三次大战,又要着手让有一个非凡核能力的国家遵守国际秩序?’”
武装乌克兰过程中的每个决定,前提都是不给予俄罗斯升级战争的理由。这经常令乌克兰官员沮丧,他们敦促美国向乌克兰提供更多、更强的兵器,尽管他们在公开场合怀疑入侵是否真的会发生。拜登的国家安全顾问杰克•沙利文说:“我们的目标之一是避免与俄罗斯发生直接冲突,我不会为这个事实道歉。”
③拜登派CIA局长去和普京对质,当面出示俄国战争计划
拜登派中央情报局局长威廉•伯恩斯去莫斯科,向普京传达信息:我们知道你在干啥,如果你入侵,后果会严重。伯恩斯递交了拜登的私人信件,他在克里姆林宫一个办公室和普京打电话。那时又一波新冠疫情让莫斯科处于停摆状态 ,普京跑去了度假城索契。
普京用一种现在大家都熟悉的谩骂强调,抱怨北约的扩张和乌克兰政府的非法性。“他对泽连斯基总统当领导极其不屑,”前美国驻俄大使伯恩斯回忆说,伯恩斯估计,当时普京的入侵决定还没铁板钉钉。但是,打完电话,他向拜登报告,“我的担忧程度上升,而非下降。”
④基辅抱怨美国情报不够具体,无法应对入侵。
乌克兰官员抱怨说,每当美国人通报入侵将至的糟糕前景时,他们从不向基辅充分提供其情报细节,原因是美国情报部门强调保护情报来源。11月,乌克兰外长和泽连斯基的办公厅主任在华盛顿到访国务院,一位美国高官用咖啡和微笑迎接。“伙计们,挖战壕!” 这位官员说。
“当我们回以微笑,”外长德米特罗•库莱巴回忆,美国官员说,“‘我是认真的。挖战壕吧……你们将被攻击,大规模的攻击,必须做好准备。”
“我们询问细节:无。”库莱巴说。
⑤泽连斯基怀疑有些西方官员就是想他跑路。
这位乌克兰领导人担心,一旦他的政府被搞掉,克里姆林宫支持的傀儡政权建起来,北约大国将设法和莫斯科就乌克兰问题搞谈判媾和。“西方合作伙伴想要——我肯定,有人真的很担心我和家人会出事,”泽连斯基说。“但可能有人想更快了结。我觉得,大多数打我电话的人——嗯,几乎每个人——都不信乌克兰能抗住并坚持下去。”
同样,他说,要是按某些合作伙伴的要求,警告乌克兰民众备战,会削弱该国的经济力量,使俄军的占领更方便。“让人们在将来讨论这个决定它是否正确吧,”泽连斯基回忆道,“但我绝对知道并且直觉认为——我们天天在国家安全和防卫会议等机构上讨论这个问题——我有一种感觉,[俄国人]想为我们准备一种软投降。这太可怕了。”
3. The Washington Post’s 10,000-word article retraces the origins of the war in Ukraine.
Five takeaways from an examination of the road to war in Ukraine
By SHANE HARRIS, KAREN DEYOUNG, ISABELLE KHURSHUDYAN
Translated by: Weibo blogger 苍野76
Based on in-depth, substantial interviews with dozens of senior U.S., Ukrainian, European and NATO officials, The Washington Post’s investigation of Russia’s road to war in Ukraine lasted several months and included allied efforts to thwart the Kremlin’s plans. The following are key findings.
①U.S. intelligence agencies discovered that Russian President Vladimir Putin was preparing a full-scale invasion of Ukraine through technical reconnaissance methods and through infiltration of multiple points in the Russian political hierarchy, secret service spy agencies and military.
In October 2021, top advisors showed President Joe Biden in the Oval Office of the White House the war plans of Russian President Vladimir Putin for a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. U.S. intelligence agencies used satellite imagery, intercepted communications and human intelligence to show that Putin was amassing troops on the Ukrainian border with the goal, among other things, of capturing the capital Kiev and most of the country, leaving only a small remnant of the Ukrainian state in the west.
The U.S. found that Putin has significantly increased funding for military operations and is short on money for New Crown pneumonia prevention and control. “We assess that they are planning a major strategic attack on Ukraine from multiple directions simultaneously,” General Mark Milley, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, told Biden, “their version of ‘shock and awe.’ “
②Every decision to arm Ukraine is predicated on not giving Russia a reason to attack the United States and NATO.
Faced with an impending invasion, Biden was determined to rally NATO allies, but not in a way that would trigger a direct conflict between Russia and the United States. Milley keeps a note in his briefcase with U.S. interests, strategic goals, and high risks. “Q: ‘How do you not make three major wars and still set out to bring a country with an extraordinary nuclear capability into compliance with the international order?'”
Every decision in the process of arming Ukraine was predicated on not giving Russia a reason to escalate the war. That has often frustrated Ukrainian officials, who have urged the United States to provide Ukraine with more and more powerful weapons, despite their public doubts that an invasion would actually happen. Jack Sullivan, Biden’s national security adviser, said, “One of our goals is to avoid a direct conflict with Russia, and I’m not going to apologize for that fact.”
③Biden sent the CIA director to confront Putin and show Russia’s war plans to his face
Biden sent CIA Director William Burns to Moscow to deliver a message to Putin: We know what you’re doing, and if you invade, the consequences will be severe. Burns delivered Biden’s personal letter, and he spoke to Putin on the phone from an office in the Kremlin. By then another wave of new crowns had brought Moscow to a standstill and Putin ran off to the resort city of Sochi.
Putin complained about NATO’s expansion and the illegitimacy of the Ukrainian government with an emphasis on a now familiar tirade. “He was extremely dismissive of President Zelensky as a leader,” recalled Burns, the former U.S. ambassador to Russia, who reckoned that Putin’s decision to invade was not yet ironclad. But after the phone call, he reported to Biden, “my level of concern went up, not down.”
④Kiev complained that U.S. intelligence was not specific enough to respond to the invasion.
Ukrainian officials complained that whenever the Americans briefed on the dire prospect of an impending invasion, they never provided Kiev with sufficient details of their intelligence because of the U.S. intelligence community’s emphasis on protecting sources. when the Ukrainian foreign minister and Zelensky’s chief of staff visited the State Department in Washington in November, a senior U.S. official greeted them with coffee and a smile. “Guys, dig the trenches!” The official said.
“When we smiled back,” recalled Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba, the U.S. official said, “‘I mean it. Dig the trenches. …… You will be attacked, massively, and you must be prepared.”
“We asked for details: none.” Culeba said.
⑤Zelenski suspects that some Western officials just want him to run away.
The Ukrainian leader fears that once his government is screwed and a Kremlin-backed puppet regime is built, NATO powers will try to make a negotiated peace with Moscow over Ukraine. “Western partners want – I’m sure there are people who are really worried that something will happen to me and my family,” Zelensky said. “But there may be people who want to get it over with more quickly. I think most of the people who called me – well, almost everyone – don’t believe that Ukraine can resist and hold on.”
Likewise, he said, warning the Ukrainian population to prepare for war would weaken the country’s economy and make the Russian occupation more convenient, as some partners demanded. “Let people discuss in the future whether it was the right decision,” Zelensky recalled, “but I definitely knew and intuitively thought – and we discussed this every day in bodies like the National Security and Defense Conference — I had a feeling that [the Russians] wanted to prepare a kind of soft surrender for us. It was horrible.”