2022年11月新闻热点(Recent hotspots November 2022)
作者:Publius
目录:
1.美国上周初请失业金人数下降,科技企业裁员未改变就业市场紧张状况
2.美联储布拉德:即使根据“鸽派”政策假设也需进一步加息至5%左右
3.新西兰调整移民签证规则,重新开始审批技术移民和父母团聚移民,要求有所降低。
4.德国劳动部长宣布计划引入移民积分制,较为明显地降低了移民条件。
5.法国最新移民数据公布,移民在生活地点、职业和教育经历方面特点明显。
1.美国上周初请失业金人数下降,科技企业裁员未改变就业市场紧张状况
美国上周初请失业金人数下降,这表明尽管科技行业裁员激增,引起经济衰退的担忧,但大范围裁员现象仍不多见,显示劳动力市场仍然紧张。截至11月12日当周,初请失业金人数减少4,000人,经季节性调整后为22.2万人。接受路透调查的经济学家之前预测为22.5万人。
目前,美国劳动力市场仍然处在供不应求的状态,企业所需要的劳动力仍然较为紧缺。
1. U.S. initial jobless claims fell last week, tech company layoffs did not change the tight job market situation
U.S. initial jobless claims fell last week, suggesting that despite a surge in layoffs in the technology sector that has raised recession concerns, widespread layoffs are still uncommon, indicating that the labor market remains tight. Initial jobless claims fell by 4,000 to a seasonally adjusted 222,000 in the week ended Nov. 12. Economists surveyed by Reuters previously forecasted 225,000.
At present, the U.S. labor market is still in a state of oversupply, and the labor force needed by companies is still relatively short.
2.美联储布拉德:即使根据“鸽派”政策假设也需进一步加息至5%左右
圣路易斯联储总裁布拉德表示,即便使用“鸽派”假设,美联储的政策利率目标区间也需至少上升到5.00%-5.25%,才能具有足够限制性以遏制通胀,而更严格的假设将要求利率升至7%以上,因迄今为止联储收紧政策仅对通胀产生有限影响。
2. Fed Bullard: even according to the “dovish” policy assumptions also need to further increase interest rates to about 5%
St. Louis Fed President Bullard said that even using “dovish” assumptions, the Fed’s policy rate target range needs to rise to at least 5.00%-5.25% to be restrictive enough to curb inflation, while more stringent assumptions would require rates to rise above 7%, as the Fed’s tightening policy has so far only had a limited impact on inflation. have had only a limited impact on inflation.
3.新西兰调整移民签证规则,重新开始审批技术移民和父母团聚移民,要求有所降低。
新西兰技术移民将重新开放,第一次抽取将于11月9日开始,首次从160分起,随后的抽取门槛将会采用180分。
具体要求包括,必须在新西兰有工作或工作机会,至少获得中位数工资,或者是高技能职业工资中位数的1.5倍。
同时,移民局这次引入了新的“六分制”移民新标准,未来或会实施,正在征集意见。
根据新系统,移民需要满足六分的门槛,这六分可以来自培训/工作经验、学历以及收入(选其一)。
同时,移民还需要有新西兰的工作或工作录取通知、且该工作的薪水不低于中位薪资,如果是高技能职业,则不低于中位薪资的1.5倍。
这一项变更,意味着持有PhD博士学位的工作者,将会迅速满足要求。
Wood表示,对高技能移民,相关变更会给他们一条更快的拿绿卡途径,比如拥有博士学位的大学讲师和科学家等。
其他专业人士,比如老师和注册职位工作者,也将有一条更为清晰的移民途径。
技术移民居民签证途径,将对持有Job Offer的人开放。
Wood表示,新西兰过去两年面临着全球供应链所带来的挑战,重置我们的移民体系,将有利于新西兰经济。“我希望最近这些新宣布的政策,都旨在创造一个利于新西兰、利于移民的经济体。”
“我们将在当前设置下恢复技术移民类别,以吸引更多工人。”Wood说,一个新的“简化”技术移民签证制度将使其更加公平和透明,并且没有人数上限。
他表示,“技术移民类别提供了一个渠道,来把新西兰急需的技能永久地留下来,来提高新西兰抗击全球震荡的抗力、来改善未来经济安全性。”
“之前的系统,因为规划的配额而限制了审理的申请的数量,这意味着,2019年只有4%的技术移民申请得到审理。”
此外,此前,父母团聚移民长期处于停滞状态,EOI抽选从2016年就中止了,到2020年3月又因为疫情影响再一次中止。希望通过父母团聚移民签证,来把父母接到新西兰生活更加困难。
3.New Zealand adjusts immigrant visa rules and reopens the approval of skilled immigrants and parent reunion immigrants with reduced requirements.
New Zealand skilled migration will be reopened and the first extraction will begin on November 9, starting with 160 points for the first time, and 180 points will be used for subsequent extraction thresholds.
Specific requirements include the need to have a job or job offer in New Zealand that earns at least the median wage, or 1.5 times the median wage for highly skilled occupations.
At the same time, the Immigration Department has introduced a new “six-point system” for immigration, which may be implemented in the future, and is seeking comments.
Under the new system, immigrants will need to meet a threshold of six points, which can come from training/work experience, education, and income (choose one).
Immigrants will also need to have a job or job offer in New Zealand that pays no less than the median salary, or 1.5 times the median salary in the case of highly skilled occupations.
This change means that workers with PhD degrees will quickly meet the requirements.
Wood said the change would give higher-skilled immigrants, such as university lecturers and scientists with PhDs, a faster path to a green card.
Other professionals, such as teachers and registered position workers, will also have a clearer pathway to immigration.
The skilled migrant resident visa route will be open to people with Job Offers.
Wood said New Zealand has faced challenges from global supply chains over the past two years and resetting our immigration system will benefit the New Zealand economy. “I hope these recent new policy announcements are all aimed at creating an economy that is good for New Zealand and good for migrants.”
“We will restore the skilled migration category under the current set-up to attract more workers.” Wood said a new “streamlined” skilled migrant visa system would make it fairer and more transparent, and that there would be no cap on numbers.
He said, “The skilled migration category provides an avenue to permanently retain New Zealand’s much-needed skills, to improve New Zealand’s resilience to global shocks, and to improve future economic security.”
“The previous system, which limited the number of applications considered because of planned quotas, meant that only 4 percent of skilled migration applications were considered in 2019.”
In addition, parent reunification immigration was previously stalled for a long time, with the EOI lottery suspended from 2016 and again in March 2020 due to the impact of the epidemic. Hoping to bring parents to live in New Zealand through a parent reunion immigration visa is even more difficult.
4.德国劳动部长宣布计划引入移民积分制,较为明显地降低了移民条件。
从2022年9月份起,德国联邦劳动部长海尔(Hubertus Heil) 就表示:”我们计划引入一种基于透明积分系统的机会卡,以促国家所需专业劳工更易入境,因为,从境外求职德国常常是困难的。”
他说,未来,不论是学徒证书,还是学位证书,只要得到德方认可,便被视为满足了“机会卡”条件。他还称,”我们也将给予具有其它强项、劳动力市场急需的人来德国的机会。“
根据相关草案,德国将实施一种四标准积分系统:
1.本科以上的学位
2.至少3年专业经验;
3.语言(基础德语或良好英语)或曾居住德国;
4.以及年龄不超过35岁
符合四个标准中的三个,便有资格拿到机会卡,可以进入德国工作与生活。
德国目前正面临严重的工人短缺问题,仅在上个季度,该国就业市场就有近 200 万个职位空缺。德国政府目前预计,到 2026 年,德国将有 240,000 个工作岗位没有合格的候选人。
4. The German Labor Minister announced plans to introduce a point system for immigrants, which more significantly lowers immigration conditions.
Since September 2022, Germany’s Federal Minister of Labor Hubertus Heil has said, “We plan to introduce an opportunity card based on a transparent points system to promote easier entry of professional labor needed by the country, because, it is often difficult to find a job in Germany from outside the country.”
In the future, he said, either an apprenticeship certificate or a degree will be considered as fulfilling the conditions of the “opportunity card” if it is recognized by the German side. He added, “We will also give people with other strengths that are in demand in the labor market the opportunity to come to Germany. ”
According to the draft, Germany will implement a four-criteria point system.
1. a bachelor’s degree or higher
2. at least 3 years of professional experience.
3. language (basic German or good English) or previous residence in Germany.
4. as well as an age of not more than 35 years
If you meet three of the four criteria, you are eligible for an opportunity card to enter Germany to work and live.
Germany is currently facing a severe worker shortage, with nearly 2 million job openings in the country’s job market in the last quarter alone. The German government currently projects that by 2026, there will be 240,000 jobs in Germany for which there are no qualified candidates.
5.法国最新移民数据公布,移民在生活地点、职业和教育经历方面特点明显。
法国国家统计和经济研究所(INSEE)10月27日公布的调查发现,巴黎大区超过20%的劳动者为移民(出生在国外,无论是否归化入法籍),就移民工人的就业而言,巴黎大区占据了特殊的位置。仅就数量而言,外国劳工就占了巴黎大区劳动人口的22%。从比例上看,外国劳工在巴黎大区劳动人口中所占的比重远高于其他地区。
研究显示,外籍移民在低技能、非常艰苦的工作中所占比例极高,这对法国社会的正常运作至关重要。此外此外,法国劳工部研究统计局(Dares)2021年的《移民职业》调查报告显示,法国十分之一的在岗人员为移民。
值得注意的是,亚洲移民主要集中在餐饮和纺织业等“传统行业”,而新一代移民更多从事高技术工种。其中,来自中国的45岁以下移民群体拥有高等教育文凭比例比非移民更高,在移民群体中可谓“鹤立鸡群”。
5. The latest French immigration data was released, and immigrants are clearly characterized by their place of living, occupation and educational experience.
A survey released on October 27 by the French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE) found that more than 20% of the Paris Region’s workforce is immigrant (born abroad, whether naturalized to French nationality or not) and that the Paris Region occupies a special position as far as the employment of immigrant workers is concerned. In terms of numbers alone, foreign workers account for 22% of the Paris Region’s working population. Proportionally, the share of foreign workers in the Paris region’s workforce is much higher than in other regions.
Studies show that foreign immigrants are disproportionately represented in low-skilled, very difficult jobs, which are essential to the proper functioning of French society. In addition, the 2021 survey “Immigrant Occupations” by the French Ministry of Labor’s Research and Statistics Directorate (Dares) reports that one in ten people in the workforce in France are immigrants.
It is worth noting that Asian immigrants are mainly concentrated in “traditional industries” such as catering and textiles, while the new generation of immigrants are more often engaged in highly skilled jobs. Among them, the immigrant group from China under the age of 45 has a higher proportion of higher education diploma than non-immigrants, in the immigrant group can be said to “stand out”.